Today in History (July 3rd):
1608: French explorer Samuel de Champlain founded the Canadian town of Quebec.
1775: George Washington took command of the Continental Army at Cambridge, Mass.
1863: The Battle of Gettysburg ended with the Union army under the command of Gen. George Meade defeating Confederate forces commanded by Gen. Robert E. Lee at Gettysburg, Pa.
1871: Birthdays: Welsh poet and writer William Henry Davies (The Autobiography of a Super-Tramp).
1878: Birthdays: Actor, singer, composer George M. Cohan.
1883: Birthdays: Czech novelist Franz Kafka.
1890: Idaho was admitted as the 43rd state in the United States.
1906: Birthdays: Actor George Sanders.
1913: Birthdays: Journalist and columnist Dorothy Kilgallen.
1915: Birthdays: Jerry Gray, band leader, arranger for Glenn Miller.
1927: Birthdays: English filmmaker Ken Russell.
1928: The first color television transmission was accomplished by John Logie Baird in London.
1930: Birthdays: Jazz clarinetist Pete Fountain.
1937: Birthdays: English playwright Tom Stoppard.
1940: Birthdays: Singer Fontella Bass; Polish Prime Minister Jerzy Buzek.
1941: Birthdays: Celebrity attorney Gloria Allred.
1947: Birthdays: Humorist Dave Barry; Actor Betty Buckley.
1951: Birthdays: Exiled Haitian dictator Jean-Claude Baby Doc Duvalier.
1956: Birthdays: Talk show host Montel Williams.
1957: Birthdays: Pop singer Laura Branigan.
1962: Birthdays: Actor Tom Cruise; Actor Thomas Gibson.
1964: Birthdays: Actor Yeardley Smith.
1970: Birthdays: Actor and singer Audra McDonald.
1971: Rock star Jim Morrison, 27, was found dead of heart failure in a bathtub in Paris.
1976: Israeli commandos raided the airport at Entebbe, Uganda, rescuing 103 hostages held by Arab militants.
1986: Rudy Vallee, one of the nation’s most popular singers in the 1920s and ’30s, died at the age of 84.
1987: Birthdays: Champion Formula 1 driver Sebastian Vettel.
1988: Missiles fired from the USS Vincennes brought down an Iranian airliner in the Persian Gulf, killing all 290 people aboard.
1992: The U.S. Air Force joined an international airlift of food and medical supplies to besieged residents of Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina.
1996: Boris Yeltsin was re-elected president of Russia, defeating Gennadi Zyuganov in a runoff.
2008: After being held for nearly six years by Colombian rebels, 15 hostages, including three U.S. military contractors and French-Colombian politician Ingrid Betancourt, were freed by commandos who had infiltrated the rebels’ leadership.
2009: Sarah Palin, who became a national figure as the Republican candidate for vice president in 2008, announced she was resigning as governor of Alaska with 17 months to go in her term.
2010: At least 230 people were killed in a blast sparked by a cigarette near an overturned oil tanker truck in the Republic of the Congo.
2011: Thailand was in line for its first female prime minister after Yingluck Shinawatra and her Pheu Thai party scored a rousing victory over the ruling party in the nation’s first general election since 2007.
2012: Actor Andy Griffith, most famous for his role as a wise, folksy sheriff in the long-running TV show that bore his name, died at his home in North Carolina. He was 86.
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“Of all lies, art is the least untrue.” – Gustave Flaubert
“The most certain test by which we can judge whether a country is really free is the amount of security enjoyed by minorities.” – Lord Acton (John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton), historian (1834-1902)
“I am returning this otherwise good typing paper to you because someone has printed gibberish all over it and put your name at the top.” – An English Professor, Ohio University
Franz Kafka (1883-1924) Czech writer:
“A book must be an ice-axe to break the seas frozen inside our soul.”
“A book should serve as the ax for the frozen sea within us.”
“A first sign of the beginning of understanding is the wish to die.”
“A man of action forced into a state of thought is unhappy until he can get out of it.”
“All human errors are impatience, a premature breaking off of methodical procedure, an apparent fencing-in of what is apparently at issue.”
“Anyone who cannot come to terms with his life while he is alive needs one hand to ward off a little his despair over his fate… but with his other hand he can note down what he sees among the ruins.”
“Anyone who keeps the ability to see beauty never grows old.”
“By believing passionately in something that still does not exist, we create it. The nonexistent is whatever we have not sufficiently desired.”
“Every revolution evaporates and leaves behind only the slime of a new bureaucracy.”
“Evil is whatever distracts.”
hyponasty
PRONUNCIATION: (HI-peh-naes-ti)
MEANING: (noun), The upward curving of leaves caused by faster growth on the bottom than the top.
ETYMOLOGY: Greek hypo “below, under” + nastos “pressed close” (from nassein “to press”). Greek “hypo” strangely shares an origin with English “up.” The original root had a variant with an initial [s] that resulted in Latin sub “under”. This root is also related to its antonym, Greek “hyper” (Latin “super”), extended by the common Indo-European suffix -er. Words often share an origin with their antonym, “cold” and “scald,” are an example. A very common slip of the tongue is an antonym substitution, e.g. “I was very cold . . . I mean, hot.” Antonyms may be logically antithetical but lexically they form a close relationship.
USAGE: “Buddy was a hyponastic acquaintance whose curves resulted from ice cream speeding up growth on his bottom.”
makebate
PRONUNCIATION: (MAYK-bayt)
http://wordsmith.org/words/makebate.mp3
MEANING: (noun), One who incites quarrels.
ETYMOLOGY: From make, from Old English macian (to make) + bate (contention), from Latin battuere (to beat) which also gave us abate, debate, and rebate. Earliest documented use: 1529.
USAGE: “‘You leave my ma out of this, you makebate! She always said you’d end on the gallows, and she was right.'” – Barbara Metzger; Christmas Wishes; Signet; 2010.
phylogeny
PRONUNCIATION: (fy-LOJ-uh-nee)
http://wordsmith.org/words/phylogeny.mp3
MEANING: noun: The evolutionary development of a species, a group of organisms, or a particular feature of an organism.
ETYMOLOGY: From Greek phylo- (race, class) + -geny (origin). Phylogeny is very different from philogyny. Earliest documented use: 1869.
USAGE: “Recognize your phylogeny. You are a Great Ape. We’re more related to gorillas than most warblers are to each other.” – Audrey Schulman; Three Weeks in December; Europa; 2012.
Explore “phylogeny” in the Visual Thesaurus.
http://visualthesaurus.com/?w1=phylogeny