Today in History (October 27th):
1659: William Robinson and Marmaduke Stevenson, two Quakers who left England in 1656 to escape religious persecution, were executed in the Massachusetts Bay Colony for their outlawed religious beliefs.
1682: The city of Philadelphia was founded.
1728: Birthdays: English explorer Capt. James Cook.
1782: Birthdays: Italian violin virtuoso Niccolo Paganini.
1787: A New York newspaper published the first of 77 essays explaining the new Constitution and urging its ratification, written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay and later combined as The Federalist Papers.
1795: A treaty with Spain settled Florida’s northern boundary and gave navigation rights on the Mississippi River to the United States.
1811: Birthdays: Isaac Singer, developer of the first practical home sewing machine.
1844: Birthdays: Swedish pacifist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Klas Pontus Arnoldson.
1858: Birthdays: Theodore Roosevelt, 26th president of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate.
1872: Birthdays: Etiquette arbiter Emily Post.
1904: The first rapid transit subway system in America opened in New York City.
1910: Birthdays: Longtime Tonight Show producer/director Fred de Cordova.
1914: Birthdays: Welsh poet Dylan Thomas.
1920: Birthdays: Actor Nanette Fabray.
1922: Birthdays: Baseball Hall of Fame member Ralph Kiner.
1923: Birthdays: Pop artist Roy Lichtenstein.
1924: Birthdays: Actor Ruby Dee.
1925: Birthdays: Former Secretary of State Warren Christopher.
1926: Birthdays: Nixon aide H.R. Haldeman.
1932: Birthdays: Poet Sylvia Plath.
1933: Birthdays: Pop pianist Floyd Cramer.
1939: Birthdays: Comedian John Cleese.
1942: Birthdays: Country singer Lee Greenwood.
1945: Birthdays: Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva; Actor Carrie Snodgress.
1946: The travel show Geographically Speaking, sponsored by Bristol-Myers, became the first television program with a commercial sponsor. Birthdays: Canadian filmmaker Ivan Reitman.
1950: Birthdays: Writer Fran Lebowitz.
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1952: Birthdays: Actor Roberto Benigni (Life Is Beautiful).
1953: Birthdays: Actor Robert Picardo.
1954: Marilyn Monroe and Joe DiMaggio divorced, reportedly after a blowup over her famous scene in The Seven-Year Itch in which a blast of air lifts her skirt.
1958: Birthdays: Singer Simon Le Bon.
1966: Birthdays: Blogger Matt Drudge.
1981: The National Labor Relations Board withdrew recognition of the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization for an illegal strike by its members.
1984: Birthdays: Television personality Kelly Osbourne.
1990: CBS founder William S. Paley died at age 89 and band leader/rumba king Xavier Cugat died at 90.
1991: Poland had its first fully free parliamentary elections.
1992: Israeli tanks rolled into Lebanon as air force jets carried out renewed raids to stop Muslim fundamentalist guerrillas.
1993: U.S. President Bill Clinton and first lady Hillary Clinton presented Congress with the administration’s plan for healthcare reform in a ceremony at the Capitol. Southern California was hit by dozens of brush fires — the worst in six years. Hundreds of homes were destroyed and thousands of people fled the flames.
1994: The U.S. Justice Department announced that the U.S. prison population topped the 1 million mark.
1998: Hurricane Mitch, one of the strongest recorded Atlantic storms, began its four-day siege of Central America, causing at least 10,000 deaths.
2003: As many as 40 civilians and U.S. soldiers were killed in terrorist bombings in Baghdad. Among the targets was the headquarters of the International Committee of the Red Cross.
2004: The Boston Red Sox won the World Series for the first time in 86 years.
2006: David Safavian a former General Services Administration official, was sentenced to 18 months in federal prison for helping lobbyist Jack Abramoff.
2007: Russian observers predicted correctly that Vladimir Putin would seek the post of prime minister when he stepped down from the presidency.
2008: U.S. Sen. Ted Stevens, R-Alaska, at 84 the longest-serving Senate Republican in history, was found guilty of seven federal felony charges related to unreported gifts and renovation work on his home. The convictions were vacated due to prosecutorial misconduct.
2009: The Federal Aviation Administration revoked the licenses of two Northwest Airlines pilots who overshot their Minneapolis destination by 150 miles after becoming distracted while working on laptop computers. A new Anglican rite within the Roman Catholic Church would allow married Anglican clergy to be ordained as Catholic priests but only unmarried clergy could serve as bishops, church leaders said.
2010: With the midterm national elections less than a week away, an official report estimated that about $4 billion had been spent, a record for a nonpresidential year and around $1 billion more than was spent in 2006. At least 60 people, mostly women and children, were killed in Afghanistan when a three-story mud-brick house collapsed during a wedding.
2011: Most Occupy demonstrations on economic matters that began on Wall Street and spread across the United States were peaceful. But, a rally in Oakland, Calif., turned violent when police used force to keep protesters from setting up a tent camp in a downtown plaza from which they had been evicted earlier.
numen
PRONUNCIATION: NOO-muhn, NYOO-\ plural numina \-muh-nuh
MEANING: noun, Divine power, deity, or spirit presiding in a place. Also creative energy.
ETYMOLOGY: From Latin numen (nod, divine power).
USAGE: “David was fond of meditating while watching insipid 70’s sitcoms, feeling that they facilitated his symbolic transformation of unconscious material into spirit or numen.”