Today in History (November 20th):
1272: Edward I was proclaimed King of England.
1780: Britain declared war on Holland.
1789: New Jersey became the first state to ratify the Bill of Rights.
1851: Birthdays: Botanist John Merle Coulter.
1866: Birthdays: Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis, first commissioner of baseball.
1884: Birthdays: Norman Thomas, six times the Socialist Party candidate for U.S. president.
1889: Birthdays: Astronomer Edwin Hubble.
1900: Birthdays: Dick Tracy creator Chester Gould.
1908: Birthdays: TV commentator Alistair Cooke.
1916: Birthdays: Singer/actor Judy Canova.
1917: Birthdays: Politician Robert Byrd.
1925: Birthdays: U.S. Sen. Robert F. Kennedy, D-N.Y.; Actor Kaye Ballard.
1927: Birthdays: Actor Estelle Parsons.
1932: Birthdays: Actor/TV game show host Richard Dawson.
1939: Birthdays: Musician and comedian Dick Smothers of the Smothers Brothers team.
1942: Birthdays: U.S. Vice President Joe Biden.
1943: The Battle of Tarawa-Makin, marking the beginning of the U.S. World War II offensive against Japan in the Central Pacific, began. Birthdays: Actor Veronica Hamel.
1945: 24 German leaders went on trial at Nuremberg before the International War Crimes Tribunal.
1946: Birthdays: Rock musician Duane Allman.
1947: Princess Elizabeth, the future Queen Elizabeth II of England, married Philip Mountbatten. Birthdays: Rock musician Joe Walsh.
1948: Birthdays: Former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations John Bolton; Actor Richard Masur.
1956: Birthdays: Actor Bo Derek.
1959: Birthdays: Actor Sean Young.
1963: Birthdays: Actor Ming-Na.
1975: Generalissimo Francisco Franco of Spain died.
1982: U.S. President Ronald Reagan announced U.S. Marines would go to Lebanon to assist in the evacuation of PLO fighters.
1986: The World Health Organization announced a coordinated global effort against AIDS.
1991: The United States provided $1.5 billion in food and technical assistance to the Soviet Union, about half of what was requested.
1992: Fire erupted at Windsor Castle, Queen Elizabeth’s official residence west of London, causing much damage. The queen and Prince Andrew helped save priceless artworks and other valuables kept in the castle.
1993: The U.S. Senate approved the North American Free Trade Agreement.
2002: On the eve of the NATO summit, U.S. President George W. Bush called for a coalition of the willing to help the United States disarm Iraq if necessary.
2003: 27 people were killed in Istanbul in two blasts that targeted a U.K. bank and the British consulate. Another 400 were wounded.
2006: The News Corp. canceled publication of O.J. Simpson’s book about the killing of his ex-wife and her friend, If I Did It, Here’s How It Happened, and a subsequent Fox TV special. Fox Chairman Rupert Murdoch called the project ill-considered.
2007: Pakistan President Pervez Musharraf released 3,400 people jailed under emergency rule but gave no indication as to when martial law would be lifted. Ian Smith, the former Rhodesian prime minister who led his South African white-minority government through a violence-wracked era until the end of white rule in 1979, died at 88 after a long illness.
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2009: Hamid Karzai was sworn in to begin his second five-year term as president of Afghanistan, vowing his army would have full control of the country’s security by the time he leaves office.
2010: The Federal Drug Administration banned the U.S. sale of popular painkillers Darvon and Darvocet and other drugs containing the ingredient propoxyphene because of what the FDA says was new proof of heart problem side effects.
2011: In an effort to end intensified violent protests, Egyptian interim military rulers promised to name a civilian prime minister, schedule elections and consider asking presidential hopeful Mohammed ElBaradei to form a transitional government. More than 30 people were killed and 1,700 injured in clashes with Egyptian security forces over the past few days. Afghan tribal leaders gave President Hamid Karzai approval to negotiate a partnership with the United States, possibly keeping troops in place after the scheduled 2014 departure date.
Quotes
“Maybe I just don’t understand poetry. I admit it’s not the first thing I reach for when I pick up something to read.” – Raymond Carver
“No man, for any considerable period, can wear one face to himself and another to the multitude, without finally getting bewildered as to which may be true.” – Nathaniel Hawthorne, writer (1804-1864)
“We are social creatures to the inmost centre of our being. The notion that one can begin anything at all from scratch, free from the past, or unindebted to others, could not conceivably be more wrong.” – Karl Popper, philosopher and a professor (1902-1994)
Robert F. Kennedy (1925-1968) US Politician:
“All of us might wish at times that we lived in a more tranquil world, but we don’t. And if our times are difficult and perplexing, so are they challenging and filled with opportunity.”
“But suppose God is black? What if we go to Heaven and we, all our lives, have treated the Negro as an inferior, and God is there, and we look up and He is not white? What then is our response?”
“Few will have the greatness to bend history itself; but each of us can work to change a small portion of events, and in the total; of all those acts will be written the history of this generation.”
“I believe that, as long as there is plenty, poverty is evil.”
“I thought they’d get one of us, but Jack, after all he’s been through, never worried about it I thought it would be me.”
“I was the seventh of nine children. When you come from that far down you have to struggle to survive.”
rhadamanthine
PRONUNCIATION: (rad-a-MAN-thin, -thyn)
http://wordsmith.org/words/rhadamanthine.mp3
MEANING: adjective: Inflexibly just or severe.
ETYMOLOGY: In Greek mythology, Rhadamanthus was the son of Zeus and Europa. He was a judge of the underworld and known for his strict justice. Earliest documented use: 1778.
USAGE: “Antoine Christophe Saliceti returned to his home island in the role of inflexible ideologue … dispensing rhadamanthine justice.” – Steven Englund; Napoleon: A Political Life; Scribner; 2003.
amuck
PRONUNCIATION: (eh-MEHK
MEANING: (adj), In a highly frenzied, violent state, hence (by amelioration or semantic weakening) out of control.
ETYMOLOGY: This is a folk etymology of the original Malay word amok “a violent frenzy.” Folk etymology is the reconstruction of a borrowed word so that it resembles more a native word. In this case, the familiar word “muck” replaced “mok” resulting in a more “English” term “amuck,” similar to adverb-adjectives like “aboard,” “aglow,” “adrift.”
USAGE: “To Vladimir, 2000’s election quagmire in Florida reflected the democratic process gone amuck.”
cacique
PRONUNCIATION: (kuh-SEEK)
http://wordsmith.org/words/cacique.mp3
MEANING: noun: A local political boss.
ETYMOLOGY: Via Spanish from Taino cacike (chief). Earliest documented use: 1555. Tainois an extinct member of the Arawakan language family spoken in the West Indies.
USAGE: “About a month after Mayor Daley announced his retirement, many aldermen are still too stunned to know how to function without being bossed. ‘Not being told what to do by the cacique is new to a lot of people,’ Mr. Munoz said.” – Dan Mihalopoulos; Daley’s Tenure Nears End; The New York Times; Oct 8, 2010.
Explore “cacique” in the Visual Thesaurus.
http://visualthesaurus.com/?w1=cacique