Today in History (November 19th):
1600: Birthdays: English King Charles I.
1752: Birthdays: U.S. frontier military leader George Rogers Clark.
1831: Birthdays: James Abram Garfield, 20th president of the United States.
1862: Birthdays: Baseball player and religious revivalist Billy Sunday.
1863: U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address on a Civil War battlefield in Pennsylvania.
1875: Birthdays: Explorer Hiram Bingham, discoverer of the Inca city of Machu Picchu.
1889: Birthdays: Actor Clifton Webb.
1905: Birthdays: Bandleader Tommy Dorsey.
1917: Birthdays: Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
1919: The U.S. Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles drawn up by the Paris peace conference at the end of World War I. Birthdays: Actor Alan Young.
1920: Birthdays: Actor Gene Tierney.
1921: Birthdays: Baseball Hall of Fame member Roy Campanella.
1926: Birthdays: Former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Jeane Kirkpatrick.
1930: Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow carried out the first of their series of bank robberies.
1933: Birthdays: Talk show host Larry King.
1936: Birthdays: Entertainer Dick Cavett.
1938: Birthdays: Entrepreneur Ted Turner.
1939: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt laid the cornerstone for his presidential library at Hyde Park, N.Y.
1942: Birthdays: Fashion designer Calvin Klein.
1954: The first automatic toll collection machine went into service at the Union Toll Plaza on New Jersey’s Garden State Parkway. Birthdays: Actor Kathleen Quinlan.
1956: Birthdays: Eileen Collins, first female space shuttle commander; Television personality Ann Curry; Actor Glynnis O’Connor.
1959: Birthdays: Actor Allison Janney.
1961: Birthdays: Actor Meg Ryan.
1962: Birthdays: Actor/director Jodie Foster.
1963: Birthdays: Actor Terry Farrell.
1969: Apollo 12 lands on the moon. Pete Conrad and Alan Bean become the third and fourth human to walk on the moon.
1969: Pele scored the 1,000th goal of his soccer career.
1977: Birthdays: Olympic gymnast Kerri Strug.
1985: A Houston jury ruled Texaco must pay $10.5 billion, the largest damage award in United States history, to Pennzoil Co. for Texaco’s 1984 acquisition of Getty Oil Co.
1986: At the beginning of what became the Iran-Contra scandal, U.S. President Ronald Reagan said the United States would send no more arms to Iran.
1990: NATO and the Warsaw Pact nations signed a massive conventional arms treaty in Paris to end the 40-year Cold War.
1991: A cargo train derailment in central Mexico killed 70 people and injured 40 more when the boxcars crushed automobiles on a highway below the tracks.
1994: Mozambique President Joaquim Chissano and his party claimed victory in the country’s first multiparty presidential and parliamentary elections.
1995: In a close presidential runoff election in Poland, former communist party leader Aleksander Kwasniewski defeated incumbent Lech Walesa.
1997: Birthdays: McCaughey septuplets, Bobbi McCaughey gave birth to septuplets in Des Moines, Iowa, the first time seven babies had been born and survived.
2002: The U.S. Senate voted overwhelmingly to create a Cabinet-level Homeland Security Department in the largest government reorganization in more than 50 years.
2005: Ford Motor Co. said it would eliminate 4,000 white-collar jobs as part of a major cost-cutting plan. Prince Albert II formally became ruler of Monaco when he assumed the throne of his late father Prince Rainier.
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2007: The official death toll from the Bangladesh cyclone reached 3,000. Authorities called it the worst storm to hit the area in two decades. At least 28 people were reported dead as a result of a pipeline fire in eastern Saudi Arabia.
2008: Data on housing and prices sent U.S. stock markets spiraling. The Dow Jones industrial average fell to a six-year low, dropping 5.1 percent to 7,997.28, the first time since 2003 that it fell to less than 8,000.
2009: Sen. Robert Byrd, D-W.Va., became the longest-serving member of the U.S. Congress in history, serving 56 years, 10 months and 16 days. The 92-year-old lawmaker eclipsed the record of Arizona Democrat Carl Hayden. Roberto Micheletti, the de facto leader of Honduras, who ousted President Manuel Zelaya from power in June, agreed to temporarily cede power to his Cabinet ministers while awaiting the presidential election slated for Nov. 29.
2010: A series of explosions was blamed for the deaths of 29 miners and contractors in a New Zealand coal mine. Two men escaped. It was the country’s worst mine disaster since 1914.
2011: One of the fugitive sons of deposed Libyan dictator Moammar Gadhafi was captured near the border with Niger. Saif al-Islam Gadhafi was wanted for alleged crimes against humanity for the government’s use of military force against civilians calling for democratic reforms.
Quotes
“The only reason people want to be masters of the future is to change the past.” – Milan Kundera
“Mere parsimony is not economy. Expense, and great expense, may be an essential part in true economy.” – Edmund Burke, statesman and writer (1729-1797)
“The question for each man to settle is not what he would do if he had means, time, influence and educational advantages; the question is what he will do with the things he has. The moment a young man ceases to dream or to bemoan his lack of opportunities and resolutely looks his conditions in the face, and resolves to change them, he lays the corner-stone of a solid and honorable success.” – Hamilton Wright Mabie, 1846-1916
“Talents are best nurtured in solitude. Character is best formed in the stormy billows of the world.” – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1749-1832
“Life can be pulled by goals just as surely as it can be pushed by drives.” – Viktor Frankl, 1905-1997
“It is written in the Jewish law book, the Talmud, that only the Jew is human, that Gentiles are only animals.” – Julius Streicher
James A. Garfield (1831-1881) 20th US President:
“A pound of pluck is worth a ton of luck.”
“All free governments are managed by the combined wisdom and folly of the people.”
“I am trying to do two things: dare to be a radical and not a fool, which is a matter of no small difficulty.”
“I have had many troubles, but the worst of them never came.”
“I mean to make myself a man, and if I succeed in that, I shall succeed in everything else.”
“Ideas control the world.”
“If the power to do hard work is not a skill, it’s the best possible substitute for it.”
“If you are not too large for the place you occupy, you are too small for it.”
“Most human organizations that fall short of their goals do so not because of stupidity or faulty doctrines, but because of internal decay and rigidification. They grow stiff in the joints. They get in a rut. They go to seed.”
mithridatism
PRONUNCIATION: (MITH-ri-day-tiz-uhm)
http://wordsmith.org/words/mithridatism.mp3
MEANING: noun: The developing of immunity to a poison by taking gradually increasing doses of it.
ETYMOLOGY: After Mithridates VI, king of Pontus (now in Turkey) 120-63 BCE, who is said to have acquired immunity to poison by ingesting gradually larger doses of it. Earliest documented use: 1851.
NOTES: Mithridates VI’s father was poisoned. No wonder VI wanted to develop tolerance to poison. The story goes that after VI’s defeat by Pompey, he didn’t want to be captured alive. So he tried to end his life by taking poison. That didn’t work, so he had a servant stab him with a sword.
USAGE: “Some monks resorted to the direct ingestion of mercury and cinnabar, small quantities at first, but gradually building up the dosage as the body’s tolerance increased — an alchemical mithridatism.” – Alexander Goldstein; The Foundling; Trafford Publishing; 2009.
furbelow
PRONUNCIATION: (FEHR-bee-lo
MEANING: (noun)
1. A flounce, a ruffle on a garment, curtain, tablecloth, or the like;
2. anything unnecessary but showy.
ETYMOLOGY: Today’s word is a distant relation of English “fold.” It is probably a corruption of Provencal farbello “fringe,” akin to Italian faldella, the diminutive of falda “flap, leaf, sheet.” This word was borrowed from a Germanic word which also gave us Old English faldan “to fold” and modern day “fold.” It also turns up in the compound “faldstool” from the Medieval Latin word faldistolium “folding chair.” This word went on to become Old French “faldestoel” and, ultimately, Modern French fauteuil “armchair.” (The Medieval Latin word was borrowed from an Old Germanic compound *faldistolaz “folding stool.”)
USAGE: “When McDowell turned up at the fete with a furbelow on his kilt and a flounce in his walk, the womenfolk paid him little mind.”